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 Endogenous RNA transcription characterizes doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses in the Reoviridae, a family that is exemplified by its simple, singleshelled member cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virusThe doublestranded (ds)RNA viruses represent a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range (humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria), genome segment number (one to twelve), and virion organization (Triangulation number, capsid layers, spikes, turrets, etc) RNA virusWikipedia Amalgaviridae is a family of doublestranded RNA viruses that has one genusKeywords doublestranded RNA, patterntriggered immunity, receptor recognition, subcellular localization, vesicle transport, virus infection INTRODUCTION Recognition of viral doublestranded (ds)RNA is a major mechanism in plant antiviral defence via RNA silencing and patterntriggered immunity (PTI) dsRNA is a common pattern formed during

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Double stranded rna virus list- Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literatureSome isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis carry a doublestranded RNA virus (TVV) and undergo phenotypic variation between surface expression and cytoplasmic expression of a prominent immunogen (P270) Only trichomonads with TVV express P270 on the surface Northern (RNA) blots using a specific cDNA encoding the repeat element of the phenotypically varying P270

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Double stranded RNA, also known as dsRNA, usually shows up in viruses and is somewhat unusual In viruses, it is a unique characteristic, and only a small number of viral families exhibit this trait RNA hybridization happens when one RNA strand combines, or hybridizes, with either another RNA strand or a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand RNA is formed of chains of nucleic acidsAn RNA virus is a virus which has (ribonucleic acid) RNA as its genetic material The nucleic acid is usually singlestranded RNA but it may be doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include the common cold, influenza, SARS, MERS, COVID19, Dengue Virus, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, West Nile fever, Ebola virus disease, rabies, polio, Doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses conceal their genome from the host to avoid triggering unfavorable cellular responses The crystal structure of the core of one such virus, bluetongue virus, reveals an outer surface festooned with dsRNA This may represent a deliberate strategy to sequester dsRNA released from damaged particles to prevent host cell shutoff When

DoubleStranded RNA Viruses Retroviruses Retroviruses are viruses that are able to reverse transcribe their RNA genome into DNA, which is then integrated into a host genome Learning Objectives Identify the unique features of retroviruses Key Takeaways Key Points In a double stranded RNA form, retroviruses infect a host cell with their genome, and then are reverseVirus ReplicationViruses are intracellular obligate parasites which means that they cannot replicate or express their genes without the help of a living cell As a result, they are remarkably adept at antagonizing doublestranded RNA We extracted RNA from infected iAT2 cells for RTqPCR analysis, verified these cells were replicating virus by quantifying genome RNA copies (SI Appendix, Fig S1B), and assessed IFN/ISG induction As with the nasal cells, we observed weak induction of IFNB and IFNL mRNA from infected cells

It has been found within viral capsid in the reoviruses of animals and in the wound tumour virus and rice dwarf viruses of plants Singlestranded RNA ; Doublestranded RNA viruses The virion (genomic) RNA is double stranded and so cannot function as mRNA;Indeed, dsRNA viruses may be underrepresented in RNA sequencing experiments because many cDNA libraries are made under conditions that bias against the reverse transcription of doublestranded RNAs Furthermore, examination of viral particles does not allow for the detection of dsRNA viruses that lack an extracellular phase The prevalence of such endogenous viruses in

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It is found in most of the RNA viruses eg tobacco mosaic virus, influenza virus, poliomyelitis, bacteriophage MS2, Avian leukemia virus On the Basis of Presence of Envelope The envelope "The genome of the virus COVID19 is a positivesense, singlestranded RNA It is well known that other positivesense, singlestranded RNA viruses evade NMD by having RNA structures that prevent NMD from degrading viral RNAs" Maquat's lab has been collaborating with a lab at Harvard University to test how viral proteins can inhibit the NMD machinery Their recent The three doublestranded (ds) RNAs were detected in Rosa multiflora plants showing rose spring dwarf (RSD) symptoms Northern blot analysis revealed three dsRNAs in preparations of both dsRNA and total RNA from Rmultiflora plants The complete sequences of the dsRNAs (referred to as dsRNA 1, dsRNA 2 and dsRNA 3) were determined based on a

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最も人気のある！ double stranded rna is found in which virus RNAdependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) is an essential component of RNAi, which plays an important role in the resistance against viruses in the model plants We found previously that rice RDR6 (OsRDR6) functioned in the defense against Rice stripe virus (RSV), and Rice Dwarf Phytoreovirus (RDV) A novel virus was detected in ornamental plants of Primula malacoides Franch exhibiting typical yellowedge symptoms Two doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) segments, of 2390 bp and 2344 bp, respectively, were extracted from plant tissues, and these same dsRNAs were detected from purified virions of about 35 nm in diameterReplication occurs in host cytoplasm and converts ssmRNA to dsgenomic RNA But dsRNA is a kind of molecule that cells do not produce, and eukaryotic hosts have various antiviral systems that detect and inactivate dsRNA To circumvent this defenses, many dsRNA viruses are replicating their RNA inside icosahedral capsids The RNA polymerases

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Double stranded RNA is a relevant immune stimulus with respect to SARSCoV2, an enveloped positive sense ssRNA virus (like flaviviruses, retroviruses) Once inside the cytoplasm sense RNA is read by ribosomes to make viral proteins and acting as a template to form an intermediate hybrid state with negative sense RNA to facilitate making multiple copies of the original ssRNA Thus The replication of poxvirus is unusual for a virus with doublestranded DNA genome (dsDNA) because it occurs in the cytoplasm, although this is typical of other large DNA viruses Poxvirus encodes its own machinery for genome transcription, a DNA dependent RNA polymerase, which makes replication in the cytoplasm possible Most dsDNA viruses require the host cell'sAnswer (1 of 2) Many RNA's have a single strand — but a lot of double stranded structure That is because like proteins, many RNA's do a job, and form determines function, so that they have to have secondary structure (the double helix) and tertiary

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 Singlestranded DNA viruses are much less common than doublestranded DNA viruses With RNA viruses, it's the opposite – there are some examples of doublestranded RNA viruses, but predominantly they are singlestranded The structure of the HIV (Human immunodeficiency) virus The crucial difference between the two types of viruses is in theirMycoviruses are known to infect fungi of different habitats and life style Some of them, like the Mushroom Virus X (MVX) complex, cause abnormal development of fruiting bodies and severe yield losses in mushroom cultivation Most mycoviruses have a doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) genome, therefore dsRNAdetection is frequently used as a first step to identify virus infectionThe replication of poxvirus is unusual for a virus with doublestranded DNA genome (dsDNA) because it occurs in the cytoplasm, although this is typical of other large DNA viruses Poxvirus encodes its own machinery for genome transcription, a DNA dependent RNA polymerase, which makes replication in the cytoplasm possible Most dsDNA viruses require the host cell's DNA

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Although genetically dissimilar, both viruses generate doublestranded RNA replication intermediates, which act as Tolllike receptor (TLR)3 ligands We hypothesized that doublestranded RNA/TLR3 signaling underlies nucleotidemediated inhibition of amiloridesensitive AFC in both infections We found that addition of the synthetic doublestranded RNA analog poly Doublestranded RNA and viruslike particles in the edible basidiomycete Flammulina velutipes (Enokitake) Yumi Magae, Corresponding Author Bioresources Technology Division, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, PO Box 16, Tsukuba Norin, Ibaraki , Japan *Corresponding author Tel 81 (298) 73 3211;Doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses Animal viruses with dsRNA genomes are segmented and can be viewed as a variant of the negativesense strategy in which the virion encapsidates the replicative form of the genome Genomic dsRNA is transcribed within partially uncoated ribonucleaseresistant viral cores by the virionassociated polymerase to yield viral mRNAs

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 EspadaMurao, L A & Morita, K Delayed cytosolic exposure of Japanese encephalitis virus doublestranded RNA impedes interferon activation and enhances viral dissemination in porcine cells J They are the negative or minus (−)strand RNA viruses, the closely related ambisense RNA viruses, and doublestranded RNA viruses (Table 102 and Box 102) For each of these groups of viruses, the first synthetic event after genome penetration is transcription (Fig 103) This is accomplished by viral proteins (including viral RdRp) that enter cell with the genomeDoublestranded RNA viruses include the rotaviruses, known globally as a common cause of gastroenteritis in young children, and bluetongue virus, an economically significant pathogen of cattle and sheep The family Reoviridae is the largest and most diverse dsRNA virus family in terms of host range 3 Taxonomy Viruses with dsRNA genomes are currently grouped into a number

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Doublestranded DNA viruses relationship with the genome size Darius Kazlauskas and Cˇ eslovas Venclovas* Institute of Biotechnology Trichomonas vaginalis with a DoubleStranded RNA Virus Has 4 Pages 05 107 MB 0 Downloads Some isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmit ted protozoan, are persistently infected with a doublestrandedDoublestranded RNA (dsRNA) generated during genome replication is a commonality to many viruses Traditional methods for detecting virus infection have relied on titering virus particles (plaque assay) These methods have proven lengthy, often taking place over several days This assay detects the presence of dsRNA in cell lysates, a byproduct of viral replication activity,Doublestranded RNA viruses include two families Reoviridae and Partitiviridae Singlestranded, negativesense RNA viruses include two families Rhabdoviridae and Bunyaviridae Singlestranded, positivesense RNA viruses include many families and unassigned genera Singlestranded RNA viruses using reverse transcriptase are contained in only one family

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A) a) double stranded DNA virus using DNA polymerase to replicate b) double stranded RNA virus using an RNA polymerase to replicate c) single stranded RNA virus using an RNA polymerase to replicate d) single stranded DNA virus using DNA polymerase to replicate e) none of the choices is correct Answer d Difficulty Medium Learning Objective LO 54 Describe theFax 81 (298) 73 3795, Email In a double stranded RNA form, retroviruses infect a host cell with their genome, and then are reverse transcribed into double stranded DNA, with the DNA then integrated into the home cell genome When integrated into a host genome, a retrovirus is hard to detect and can lay dormant for prolonged periods, having no discernible effect on the host Retroviruses can be

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The RNAdependent Polymerase transcribes RNA strands, resulting in novel doublestranded virus genomes For example, Rotaviruses , Bluetongue viruses ,Thus these viruses also need to package an RNA polymerase to make their mRNA after infection of the host cell Example rotaviruses (belong to reovirus family) RNA viruses that copy their RNA to DNA These are the retroviruses In this case, their virion RNA, RNA or ribonucleic acid is a type of nucleic acid which is made up of ribonucleotides Generally, RNA is a singlestranded molecule, unlike DNA double helix In the Baltimore classification of viruses, Group III, Group IV and Group V include RNA viruses Some viruses have an ssRNA or singlestranded RNA genome Therefore, their genome is made

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Rotaviruses are doublestranded RNA viruses, with a diameter of 75 nm, which is relatively large among the enteric viruses Unlike the other enteric viruses, which are generally icosahedral in shape, rotaviruses have a more complex morphology The capsid consists of three concentric layers of protein, inside of which is the dsRNA genome, which range from approximately 670 to 3300 These viruses can be further classified as singlestranded RNA viruses and doublestranded RNA viruses However, most RNA viruses are singlestranded and they can be further classified into negativesense and positivesense RNA viruses Positivesense RNA serves directly as mRNA But in order to serve as mRNA, negativesense RNA must use an RNA polymerase toThe viral genome is packed inside a symmetric protein capsid, composed of either a single or multiple proteins, each of them is encoding a single viral gene

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 Doublestranded RNA viruses are the largest family of viruses (others include retroviruses and papilloma viruses) One wellknown dsRNA virus is rotavirus, which causes diarrhea in humans and eachDicer cleaves long doublestranded RNA (dsRNA, often found in viruses and small interfering RNA) molecules into short double stranded fragments of around nucleotide siRNAs The dsRNA is then separated into two singlestranded RNAs (ssRNA) – the passenger strand and the guide strand Subsequently, the passenger strand is degraded, while the guide strand is incorporated

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